Mechanical Disc Brakes
Mechanical disc brakes combine the simplicity of cables with the consistent grip on a rotor attached to the wheel. Squeezing the lever tightens a cable, which presses the pads against the disc. They mount on post-mount or IS brackets on frames and forks designed for discs. Their efficacy is not affected by dirt on the rim and, by working on a rotor, they maintain more stable braking power on prolonged descents.
However, they require more frequent adjustments of cables and calipers and tend to offer a less refined feel than hydraulic systems, as the cable’s stretchability can reduce firmness.
Hydraulic Disc Brakes
Hydraulic bicycle disc brakes represent the highest performance option today. Instead of cables, they use a fluid circuit (usually DOT 5.1 or mineral oil) that transmits pressure from the lever directly to the calipers. The result is a very direct feel, the ability to modulate force precisely, and superior braking power, even with very hard pads.
They are especially valued in enduro, downhill, and technical mountain routes, where system fatigue—heat and dirt—is common. In return, they require more care: regular bleeding to remove bubbles, inspection of hoses, and a more delicate maintenance.
Frame and Wheel Compatibility
Before buying bicycle brakes, check that your frame and fork have the appropriate mounts. Rim brakes only require the frame to have holes for V-Brake or cantilever bolts. In contrast, disc brakes require post-mount or IS mounts and hubs available to mount 140, 160, 180, or 203 mm rotors.
In modern mountain bikes, it is common to find only disc mounts. If your frame is old and lacks them, you will need to stick with rim brakes or consider adapting a post-mount with a special adapter, which is not always advisable. At the same time, ensure that your front or rear hub has a body or adapter for a centered rotor and a brake pin on the axle (6 bolts or Centerlock system).
The disc diameter also influences: a larger rotor increases leverage, generating more braking force, but may cause interference with chain guards or the rear brake stay. Always consult your frame's specification sheet.
Choosing Pads: Compounds and Formats
Bicycle pads are a key factor in braking feel. They are made in several compounds:
- Organic (resin): quieter and with good grip at low temperatures, they wear out faster and generate more dust.
- Metallic (semi-metallic): heat and wear-resistant, ideal for demanding conditions, although they may be somewhat noisy and wear down discs faster.
- Ceramic: balance durability and power, with little dust and good performance in wet conditions, although they are usually the most expensive.
Choose original pads from your brake system manufacturer to ensure compatibility with the caliper. Note that the thickness and format (silver, with metallic base, or isothermal) must match the caliper’s specifications. Changing them before the material reaches 1 mm thickness prevents premature damage to the discs and guarantees consistently firm braking.